Mazda Motor Corporation manufactures and sells passenger cars and commercial vehicles in Japan, North America, Europe, and other international markets. The company was formerly known as Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. and changed its name to Mazda Motor Corporation in May 1984. It was incorporated in 1920 and is headquartered in Hiroshima, Japan.
Mazda swings to profit, expands EVs in Thailand, but US and China sales lag
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Return to profit and low valuation Mazda swung to a net profit of 29.6 billion yen in the April–June quarter, helped by cost cuts and a weak yen. The stock trades at just 7 times earnings, well below peers, which may attract value investors. However, the full-year profit forecast was left unchanged and is below analyst expectations.
This is the core financial result that directly affects investor perception and valuation.
Thailand EV push and investment plans Mazda launched its electric CX-6e SUV in Thailand with a special low-interest loan from TTB, aiming to capture growing EV demand. Separately, Mazda is among Japanese automakers planning 50 billion baht of additional investment in Thailand over five years, supported by government incentives.
These moves expand Mazda's EV presence in Southeast Asia and could drive future sales and production.
US and China sales weakness Mazda's US sales fell 2.9% in January–September, underperforming Toyota, Honda and Nissan. In July, Mazda's overseas sales also declined due to weak demand in China, where a gasoline-vehicle slump persists. These are key markets, so continued weakness pressures revenue and market share.
These are major sales regions where Mazda is losing ground, a real counterweight to positive drivers.
Mexico export surge offsets tariff hit Mexico's overall auto exports fell 12% in September due to US tariffs, but Mazda more than doubled its exports year-on-year, filling the gap left by rivals like GM and Ford. This shows Mazda can gain share in a tough environment, though the tariff situation remains a risk.
Mazda's strong export performance in Mexico is a positive offset to broader tariff pressures.
Mexico's Auto Exports Fall 12% in September on U.S. Tariff Impact
Mexico's auto export volumes fell 12% year-on-year in September, the largest drop since December 2025, according to data released on the 8th by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Analysts attribute the decline to the impact of tariff policies imposed by the United States, Mexico's largest market. Monthly production fell 15%, while domestic sales rose 8%, helping to cushion the blow to the auto manufacturing industry, the country's largest industrial sector. Government officials are pushing ahead with a review of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, and Mexican-made vehicles are still subject to a 25% tariff even as negotiations continue. Mexican authorities estimate that the burden would be reduced to 10-12% if rules requiring the use of North American parts are complied with. Janet Quiroz, director of economic analysis at brokerage Monex, noted that "the September data is more a warning sign than a sign of crisis. If this trend continues through 2027, we may be discussing a more structural problem for Mexican manufacturing." U.S. auto giant General Motors announced last year a $4 billion investment plan to shift some production from Mexico to the United States in response to volatile tariff policy. Along with General Motors, Ford Motor and Nissan also saw sharp declines in exports in September, while South Korea's Kia, Germany's BMW and Mazda increased exports and filled the gap. Mazda in particular more than doubled its exports year-on-year. Mercedes-Benz closed its joint venture plant with Nissan last May, and in September recorded zero production and zero exports for the first time since it began overseas shipments eight years ago. The Mexican Automotive Industry Association stressed at a press conference on the 8th that Mexico remains the largest foreign supplier of automobiles to the United States. According to the association's data, exports to the United States fell 5% in the January-September period of 2026, while exports to Canada, Mexico's second-largest market, rose by just over 9%.
GM · Tariff · Negative GM's exports fell sharply in September and it is shifting production from Mexico to the U.S. in response to volatile tariff policy.
000270.KO · Competition · Positive Kia increased exports in September and helped fill the gap left by falling Mexican exports from GM, Ford and Nissan.
7201.JP · Tariff · Negative Nissan saw sharp declines in exports in September amid the U.S. tariff impact on Mexican auto exports.
7261.JP · Tariff · Positive Mazda more than doubled exports year-on-year, filling the gap left by tariff-hit rivals.
F · Tariff · Negative Ford saw sharp declines in exports in September amid the 25% U.S. tariff on Mexican-made vehicles.
MBG.XETRA · Tariff · Negative Mercedes-Benz closed its Nissan JV plant and recorded zero production and exports in September amid the tariff-hit export slump.
Ekniti launches BOI to IPO project, paving the way for Japanese companies to enter SET as first group
Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Ekniti Nitithanprapas revealed at the Thailand–Japan Investment Forum 2026 that the BOI to IPO project, developed jointly with the Stock Exchange of Thailand, or SET, aims to support foreign companies in listing on the Thai stock exchange. Initially, the goal is for Japanese companies to be the first group to list through this project, which offers a Fast Track channel and Incentives for foreign companies. Negotiations are currently underway with several other foreign companies that have production bases in Thailand. Narit Therdsteerasukdi, Secretary-General of the Board of Investment, said the BOI has designated six core strategic industries for attracting investment. In the automotive group, which supports all drive systems, four major Japanese automakers, namely Honda, Mitsubishi Motors, Mazda and Isuzu, plan additional investment in Thailand over the next five years totaling 50 billion baht. Meanwhile, investment promotion applications in the first half of 2026 reached 7 trillion yen, or 1.4 trillion baht, and over the past five years cumulative investment from Japan has exceeded 400 billion baht. Regarding excise tax measures to support the automotive industry for all countries investing in Thailand, Ekniti said the Cabinet has acknowledged the resolution of the National Electric Vehicle Policy Committee on excise tax measures and expects a clear tax rate to be finalized within next week, or at the latest the following week. Asadej Kongsiri, Director and Manager of the SET, said that currently 20 companies with major Japanese shareholders are listed on the SET. Ichiro Abe, President of the Japan External Trade Organization in Bangkok, noted that 48% of Japanese companies still recognize the strategic importance of ASEAN, and more than 52% are ready to expand investment further, still viewing Thailand as their most important production base and revenue source.
7202.JP · Capital · Positive Isuzu is named among four major Japanese automakers planning additional investment in Thailand totaling 50 billion baht over five years.
7211.JP · Capital · Positive Mitsubishi Motors is named among four major Japanese automakers planning additional investment in Thailand totaling 50 billion baht over five years.
7261.JP · Capital · Positive Mazda is named among four major Japanese automakers planning additional investment in Thailand totaling 50 billion baht over five years.
7267.JP · Capital · Positive Honda is named among four major Japanese automakers planning additional investment in Thailand totaling 50 billion baht over five years.
TTB partners with Mazda to launch CX-6e with 1.88% interest loan offer
TMBThanachart Bank, or TTB, has announced a partnership with Mazda to support Thailand's electric vehicle market through the launch of the new all-electric SUV, the Mazda CX-6e, along with a special loan offer from ttb drive. Chatcharit Tangthekingkiat, Head of the Auto Loan Group at TTB, revealed that registrations of 100% electric vehicles from January to August 2026 totaled more than 146,000 units, an increase of about 94% compared with the same period in 2025, and that in 2026 new lending for electric vehicles accounted for roughly 50% of the bank's total new auto loans. The loan promotion includes a special interest rate starting at 1.88% per year, plus free first-class insurance when arranging a loan with ttb drive, a Trade-in Campaign that makes it easier to switch to owning a car with instant approval results without needing to submit income documents, and an offer of up to 5,000 baht off one installment for customers who arrange a new auto loan for the Mazda CX-6e with ttb drive, open a ttb all free account, and sign up for the ttb touch app, provided the customer takes delivery and the contract is signed by December 31, 2026. The effective interest rate is 5.21% to 10% per year. Thee Permpongpanth, Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Mazda Sales (Thailand) Co., Ltd., said the launch of the all-electric Mazda CX-6e marks another important step for Mazda in expanding electric vehicle choices for Thai consumers, with two variants available: Premium and Premium Sports.
TTB.BK · Demand · Positive TTB partners with Mazda to offer 1.88% auto loans for the CX-6e, driving new EV lending that already makes up ~50% of its new auto loans.
Mazda Sales (Thailand) · Demand · Positive Mazda Sales (Thailand) launches the CX-6e with two variants and a TTB loan promotion to boost Thai EV sales.
7261.JP · Demand · Positive Mazda's new all-electric CX-6e SUV is launched in Thailand with TTB loan support, expanding its EV offerings to Thai consumers.
Mazda's new CX-6e electric SUV includes an external announcement function that lets drivers broadcast audio messages outside the vehicle, and testers quickly found the system has no filter on what can be said. The midsized EV, priced at roughly $56,000 in Europe, is not sold in the U.S. and is aimed mainly at drivers in China, with sales also in Europe and Australia. The feature ships with pre-recorded messages such as "hey buddy, I'm here" for rider pickups and "please look up and focus on the road, stay safe," but drivers can also type their own phrases into the dashboard and save them as touchscreen shortcuts. Reviewers at Drive.com in Australia used that capability to program and broadcast profane messages through the speakers. Mazda can likely send a software patch to temper the vehicle's language, and since the CX-6e is still in pre-orders, the system may be adjusted before delivery. The CX-6e is Mazda's latest EV push after its first effort, the MX-30, traveled just 100 miles per charge and sold fewer than 600 vehicles in the U.S. before being discontinued there; Mazda currently offers no EVs in the American market but does sell hybrids. The CX-6e is expected in dealer showrooms later this month.
7261.JP · Technology · Neutral Mazda's new CX-6e EV external speaker feature allows unfiltered custom messages, a product/tech development with mixed PR implications.
Japanese Automakers' U.S. New-Car Sales Up 1.0% Combined, Led by Toyota, Honda, Nissan
Combined U.S. new-car sales for six Japanese automakers in the January-September 2026 period came to 4,596,858 units, up 1.0% from a year earlier, according to figures the companies released on the 1st. Toyota, Honda and Nissan all posted gains, as sales of fuel-efficient hybrids and affordably priced passenger cars grew amid prolonged high fuel prices. Toyota rose 0.6% to 1,876,614 units, with sales expanding mainly for hybrids such as its flagship Camry sedan and the 4Runner sport-utility vehicle; the RAV4 SUV slipped on the impact of a model changeover but its hybrid version has been performing well recently. Honda also saw hybrids drive growth, rising 4.7% to 1,149,261 units, with the Accord sedan and CR-V SUV boosting sales, while Nissan gained 0.6% to 716,283 units on strength in its Frontier pickup truck. Subaru, meanwhile, fell 1.5%, Mazda dropped 2.9% and Mitsubishi Motors declined 6.6%.
Domestic New Car Sales Rise 5.1% as Environmental Performance Tax Is Abolished, Highest Since the Pandemic
New car sales in Japan for the first half of fiscal 2026, from April to September, rose 5.1% year on year to 2,292,064 units, the highest level since fiscal 2020, when sales slumped due to the spread of the novel coronavirus. The abolition of the environmental performance tax on automobile purchases at the end of March provided a tailwind. The figures were announced on the 1st by the Japan Automobile Dealers Association and the National Light Motor Vehicle Association. By category, registered vehicles such as passenger cars and trucks drove the overall increase, rising 9.6% to 1,504,178 units, with notable growth from Toyota Motor and Honda, while Mazda and others that introduced new models also posted gains. Meanwhile, light motor vehicles, which saw few refreshed models or new launches, fell 2.5% to 787,886 units, marking their first decline in two years. Sales for the single month of September, announced at the same time, rose 1.3% year on year to 433,683 units, with registered vehicles up 2.5% for a sixth consecutive month of growth, while light motor vehicles slipped 0.6%; among the latter, Nissan Motor and Mitsubishi Motors posted increases on the strength of new models launched last autumn.
Finance Ministry sets KPIs to measure BOI, SEC and SET, pushing New Economy businesses onto the Thai stock market
The Ministry of Finance has designated the drive to bring companies in future industries, or the New Economy, onto the Stock Exchange of Thailand as one of the key performance indicators, or KPIs, for three agencies: the Board of Investment, or BOI; the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC; and the Stock Exchange of Thailand, through the BOI to IPO project, in order to assess proactive performance beyond their normal mandates. The measure aims to draw foreign capital and operators across the supply chain from upstream to downstream, including advanced electronic components such as PCB and optical transceivers, modern vehicles, smart agriculture, global pet food, and the wellness sector, to raise funds on the Thai stock market. The BOI board meeting on September 11, 2026 approved additional incentive measures, or on-top incentives, for companies that receive investment promotion and list on the stock exchange. New Economy businesses receive an additional three years of corporate income tax exemption beyond the normal criteria, or the option of an additional 50% corporate income tax reduction for five years. General businesses receive an additional two years of corporate income tax exemption, or the option of an additional 50% corporate income tax reduction for three years. From 2023 to June 2026, there were investment promotion applications totaling more than 5 trillion baht in target industries such as semiconductors, PCB, the AI supply chain, digital, clean energy, robotics, and aircraft parts. In the first half of this year, actual investment of more than 500 billion baht already flowed into the economy, and in 2026 alone, four leading Japanese automakers, Isuzu, Mazda, Mitsubishi Motors and Honda, announced additional investments in Thailand worth a combined total of more than 50 billion baht. Asadej Kongsiri, director and manager of the Stock Exchange of Thailand, said the project will create four areas of mutual benefit, or four big wins, covering the business sector, investors, the capital market and the overall economy. The SEC has approved new revised criteria to let target companies enter the fundraising process faster by shortening the track record requirement. Meanwhile, the CMDF fund provides support in the form of a matching fund, subsidizing expenses and fees for IPOs at 7 million baht per company. At the same time, the three agencies agreed to set up a joint task force, with the support framework of the project between the stock exchange and the CMDF set at a total of five years, ending in 2031.
7202.JP · Regulation · Positive Isuzu is named among four Japanese automakers announcing additional investments in Thailand, supported by the BOI's new on-top tax-exemption incentives.
7211.JP · Regulation · Positive Mitsubishi Motors is named among four Japanese automakers announcing additional investments in Thailand, supported by the BOI's new on-top tax-exemption incentives.
7261.JP · Regulation · Positive Mazda is named among four Japanese automakers announcing additional investments in Thailand, supported by the BOI's new on-top tax-exemption incentives.
7267.JP · Regulation · Positive Honda is named among four Japanese automakers announcing additional investments in Thailand, which the BOI on-top incentives (extra tax exemptions for promoted/listed firms) are designed to attract.
EV Board Approves Three-Tier EV Tax Structure to Boost Thai Production, to Go to Cabinet in September 2026
Pornchai Theeravej, Director-General of the Excise Department, disclosed that the National Electric Vehicle Policy Committee, or EV Board, has approved in principle a restructuring of the excise tax on electric vehicles to support the industry's transition period. The new tax structure will be divided into three rates: the lowest rate for domestic manufacturers that meet local content requirements, a middle rate for importers that plan to invest in building factories in the country, and the highest rate for importers that only sell vehicles. The highest rate will take effect first, and private-sector representatives from three automotive associations have agreed with the approach but asked for further discussion on the grace period. Lawaron Saengsanit, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance, said clarity is expected within this September before the proposal goes to the Cabinet. Narit Therdsteerasukdi, Secretary-General of the Board of Investment, said the meeting also approved the appointment of two subcommittees, one on promoting electric vehicle manufacturing and one on developing the electric charging station network, and assigned the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance to consider additional support for commercial electric vehicles such as buses, electric trucks, and electric motorcycles. The meeting also acknowledged that of new vehicle registrations this year, more than 50% were electric vehicles combined, covering BEVs, hybrids, and plug-in hybrids, with BEVs rising from 0.3% five years ago to nearly 30%, and hybrids at about 23%. Meanwhile, four major Japanese automakers, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu, Honda, and Mazda, have announced plans for continued investment in Thailand totaling more than 50 billion baht through 2029 to 2030.
7202.JP · Capital · Positive Isuzu is named among four Japanese automakers planning continued investment in Thailand totaling over 50 billion baht through 2029-2030.
7211.JP · Capital · Positive Mitsubishi Motors is named among four Japanese automakers planning continued investment in Thailand totaling over 50 billion baht through 2029-2030.
7261.JP · Capital · Positive Mazda is named among four Japanese automakers planning continued investment in Thailand totaling over 50 billion baht through 2029-2030.
7267.JP · Capital · Positive Honda is named among four Japanese automakers planning continued investment in Thailand totaling over 50 billion baht through 2029-2030.
BOI Confirms Japan's Continued Investment in Thailand, 328.7 Billion Baht in First Half
The Board of Investment (BOI) has revealed that Japan remains a key investment partner for Thailand. In 2025, Japanese investors applied for investment promotion for 302 projects with a total value exceeding 113.7 billion baht, more than doubling from the previous year. In the first half of 2026, there were 123 projects worth 32.79 billion baht, reflecting that Thailand remains an important investment base for Japan, particularly for investments aimed at upgrading technology and increasing production efficiency to support the transition of global industries. BOI Secretary-General Narit Therdsteerasukdi stated that Japanese investment is entering a new cycle, building on existing production bases to develop high-value products. For instance, Isuzu is investing over 15 billion baht to upgrade its pickup truck production base, Mazda is investing 7.4 billion baht to produce new hybrid models, Mitsubishi has announced an additional investment of 16 billion baht by 2030, and Honda plans to invest 12 billion baht by 2029 to produce two new car models. This makes Thailand the only country outside Japan to produce a total of eight car models. Meanwhile, the automotive supply chain is shifting towards EV and hybrid components, such as Astemo investing 3.5 billion baht to produce PCU inverters and Aisin investing in hybrid transmission systems. The electronics sector is also expanding into advanced components, with Murata producing MLCCs and Panasonic producing upstream materials for circuit boards. The new factory will be the first production base for MEGTRON materials in ASEAN to support AI. Additionally, there are investments in aviation and agri-food, such as NMB-Minebea investing over 2.6 billion baht to open an aircraft parts factory in Lopburi, and Toyo Saikan investing 2.47 billion baht to produce plant-based beverages. A survey by the Japanese Chamber of Commerce (JCC) indicates that 23% of Japanese companies plan to increase their investment in Thailand in 2026, while 48% will maintain their current investment levels. The BOI also supports the establishment of regional offices in Thailand, with over 40% currently coming from Japan.
Electrification & Mobility › EV Powertrain & Power Electronics ▲Supply
7202.JP · Capital · Positive Isuzu is investing over 15 billion baht to upgrade its pickup truck production base in Thailand.
7261.JP · Capital · Positive Mazda is investing 7.4 billion baht to produce new hybrid models in Thailand.
7267.JP · Capital · Positive Honda plans to invest 12 billion baht by 2029 to produce two new car models in Thailand.
6752.JP · Capital · Positive Panasonic is investing in a new factory producing MEGTRON circuit-board materials, the first such base in ASEAN to support AI.
7259.JP · Capital · Positive Aisin is investing in hybrid transmission systems in Thailand as part of the new investment cycle.
Astemo, Ltd. · Capital · Positive Astemo is investing 3.5 billion baht to produce PCU inverters in Thailand.
Major 8 automakers' July overseas sales down 2.8% as China slump persists
The eight major automakers reported on the 28th that their combined overseas sales in July totaled 1.635 million units, down 2.8% from the same month last year, as shrinking demand for gasoline vehicles in China took a toll. Domestic sales were strong thanks to new models, but global sales overall fell 1.0% to 2.021 million units. Toyota Motor's overseas sales dropped 7.6% to 706,028 units, with a decline of more than 20% in China. Nissan Motor also saw a 19.5% decrease due to weak China sales, while Mazda and Mitsubishi Motors also posted declines. On the other hand, Suzuki benefited from the launch of new models in India, with overseas sales surging 32.9% to 262,906 units, a record high for a single month.
Mazda Motor swings to profit, reaffirms dividend, trades at 7x P/E
Mazda Motor reported a first-quarter shift from loss to profit, issued full-year earnings guidance, and reaffirmed dividend expectations for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2027. The stock trades at a price-to-earnings ratio of 7x, well below the Asian auto industry average of 12.7x and a peer average of 21x, and also below an estimated fair P/E of 14.4x. A discounted cash flow model suggests a fair value of ¥1,527.66 per share compared with the current price of ¥1,181. The shares have returned 14.16% over the past 90 days and 27.66% over one year, but are down 5.18% year-to-date.
Toyota net profit hits 1.48 trillion yen, Honda up 2.3 times — Japan's top seven automakers report April–June results
The consolidated April–June results for Japan's seven major automakers are now in, with Toyota Motor posting a net profit of 1.477 trillion yen, up 75.6 percent year on year, and Honda roughly 2.3 times higher, as a weaker yen and reduced US tariff burdens lifted earnings. Nissan Motor and Mazda, which were in the red a year earlier, also swung to a profit, and six of the seven companies — all except Subaru — saw earnings improve. A weaker-than-expected yen and lower US tariff rates under the Japan–US agreement provided a tailwind, while sales in North America and Japan remained solid. Honda Chief Financial Officer Masao Kawaguchi noted that the surge in raw material prices triggered by worsening Middle East tensions had also eased from June and did not rise as much as anticipated.
Toyota, Volkswagen, and Mazda sales plunge in Australia as EVs and Chinese brands surge
Toyota, Volkswagen, and Mazda are posting sharp sales declines in Australia as electric vehicles and lower-cost Chinese models rapidly reshape the market. Toyota is down 21%, Mazda 17%, Mitsubishi 25.7%, and Volkswagen's 2025 sales have fallen 21% after a 17% drop in 2024, according to a report cited by The Electric Viking. Plug-in vehicles grew from 16% of the market in January to 36% by June 2026 when plug-in hybrids are included, and Chinese automakers now represent seven of Australia's 20 best-selling brands. The upheaval has already seen Fiat exit the Australian market after Citroen and Infiniti, and Peter Jones, chief executive of the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce, warned that brands with under 5% market share are especially at risk. The Australian government has responded to fuel-security concerns by arranging additional petrol and diesel supplies and temporarily cutting the fuel excise, but the overall direction still appears to favor electrification.
Mazda posts net profit of 29.6 billion yen in April–June quarter, full-year forecast unchanged
Mazda announced its consolidated results for the April–June quarter of fiscal 2026, posting a net profit of 29.6 billion yen. This compares with a net loss of 42.1 billion yen in the same period a year earlier. Although raw material costs rose, reductions in fixed costs and foreign exchange effects boosted earnings. The company left its full-year consolidated net profit forecast for the year ending March 2027 unchanged at 90 billion yen, which falls below the average estimate of 96.2 billion yen from 12 analysts polled by IBES.
Mazda global sales rise 7.2% in June after prior-year decline
Mazda Motor Corporation reported a 7.2% year-on-year increase in global passenger vehicle sales to 111,078 units in June 2026, rebounding from a 5% decline in the same month last year. Domestic sales jumped 18% to 13,844 units, while overseas sales rose almost 6% to 97,234 units. For the first six months of the year, however, global sales fell nearly 5% to 606,850 units, with domestic sales down 6.1% to 76,622 units and overseas sales down 4.5% to 530,228 units. The CX-5 remained the best-selling model globally in the first half, with sales up 3.4% to 174,205 units, accounting for almost 29% of total sales. Global vehicle production rose 4.8% to 601,444 units in the first half, driven by an over 11% increase in Japan to 388,503 units, while overseas production fell 5.2% to 212,941 units.
7261.JP · Demand · Positive Global sales rose 7.2% in June, with domestic sales up 18% and overseas up nearly 6%, indicating strong end-customer demand.
Mazda Motor Corporation reported a 5.7% year-on-year increase in global passenger vehicle sales to 101,074 units in May 2026, recovering from a 9% decline in the same month last year. Domestic sales fell 9.5% to 8,965 units, while overseas sales rose 7.5% to 92,109 units. The CX-5 remained the top-selling model globally with 25,998 units, accounting for almost 26% of total sales, followed by the CX-30 with 17,160 units and the CX-50 with 15,731 units, the latter surging 74%. For the first five months of the year, global sales declined 7.1% to 495,740 units, with domestic sales down over 10% to 62,770 units and overseas sales down 6.6% to 432,970 units. US sales fell almost 7% to 164,672 units year-to-date, China dropped over 11% to 24,196 units, while Europe increased 12% to 75,443 units. Global production rose 3% to 491,647 units in the five-month period, driven by a 10% increase in Japan to 317,230 units, while overseas production fell 8% to 174,417 units. Exports from Japan rose almost 11% to 261,410 units, with shipments to North America up 10.4% to 135,952 units and Europe surging 24% to 53,584 units.
Yen Slide Could Hand Japan Automakers $5.8 Billion Boost
Japan's weakening yen could deliver a combined profit upside of roughly 934 billion yen, or $5.8 billion, to the country's major automakers if the currency stays near current levels, according to Bloomberg estimates. Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Subaru, and Mazda all used more conservative exchange-rate assumptions in their forecasts, with Toyota's May forecast assuming 150 per dollar while the yen has been trading around 161. Toyota estimates that every 1 yen decline against the dollar adds 50 billion yen to operating profit, and Bloomberg-compiled analyst estimates average 4 trillion yen for Toyota's operating profit, above its 3 trillion yen forecast. The setup could strengthen further as energy and raw material costs ease, with crude down more than 30% in yen terms from its late-April peak, and Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Tatsuo Yoshida said the shift could become a major positive factor for Toyota and Honda. Outside automakers, the impact is more mixed, with airlines potentially benefiting from lower jet fuel prices but still facing dollar-linked cost pressures, while a survey showed 40.7% of companies said the late-May exchange rate near 159 per dollar had a negative impact.